Comparative Qualitative Analysis of Osteogenic Precursor Cells Obtained from Human Periosteum Cancellous Bone and Dental Pulp Tissue

Abstract

Abstract newlineBackground newlineStem cells derived from the oral cavity have high utility in craniofacial bone regeneration. The various intra-oral sources of stem cells vary in osteogenic potential and thus it is necessary to identify the superior source for clinical applications. newlineAim newlineIn-vitro comparison of cell proliferation, osteoblastic activity and mineralization potential of three intraoral sources of stem cells- periosteum, alveolar bone and dental pulp. newlineMethodology newlinePeriosteum, alveolar bone and dental pulp were harvested from consenting healthy individuals during routine oral surgical procedures. Periosteum derived stem cell (PDSC), Alveolar bone derived stem cell (ABSC) and Dental pulp derived stem cell (DPSC) were isolated and cultured from the sources and comapared for cell proliferation (MTT assay), osteoblastic activity (ALP activity) and mineralization potential (Alizarin red S staining) at day 7, 14,21,28. newlineResults newlineMTT results showed significantly higher cell proliferation in PDSC group on all three days as compared to other groups (plt0.001). A significant difference was noticed in the ALP results where PDSC showed higher activity than other groups and DPSC showed the lowest activity (plt0.001). Mineralization studies revealed significantly higher ossification potential in the PDSC group on day 21 and day 28 whereas the same was insignificant on day 14. newlineConclusion newlinePeriosteum with its higher cellular content proved to be a significantly superior source of osteogenic precursor cells closely followed by cancellous bone. Further in vivo studies with advanced biological tests are required to substantiate the finding for clinical translation. newline