Evaluation of graphene oxide chitosan Composite as a carrier of sirna for Regulating bcl 2 expression on saos2 Mg 63 cancer cells in vitro and In vivo studies

Abstract

In spite of the immune system s ability to identify the differences in various protein structures at an atomic level, these tumour cells escape the host immune response and thereby, from destruction. Nevertheless, strategies particularly targeting cancer cells are a major challenge that most scientists try to overcome despite having a humongous number of research groups working on the various possible routes. It is worth mentioning that not many works are focused on targeting the over-expression of Bcl-2, one of the important oncogenes, which has been witnessed in 50-70% of cancers that have been reported. A biomaterial is defined traditionally as any material that is used for either medical or dental applications that contact the host cells in any form, such as either a drug carrier device, or as a prosthesis towards the replacement of damaged tissues. The main issues to be fulfilled by the biomaterial for clinical applications are biocompatibility, bioactivity, ability to carry drug to the site, inflammatory responses, and other factors based on its application. Short Interfering RNA (siRNA) is a topic of interest for scientists since it acts as an efficient tool to target and silence specific mRNA proteins that are responsible for causing cancer, and thereby help in the destruction of tumour cells. Since siRNA is negatively charged, it is an enormous challenge to enable the siRNA to enter the cell cytoplasm and reach the target cells. Chitosan has attracted the attention of both industrial and academic researchers since the early 90s for various applications in the fields of drug delivery and tissue engineering. One of the most important parameters that differentiates chitosan from other biodegradable polymers is its cationic property, making it unique when compared with others newline