Investigations on surface Modification of polymer based metal Ions incorporated hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite coatings by ion Implantation and irradiation

Abstract

Nowadays, people are affected by different categories of diseases or injuries such as tissues damage, bone cancer, dental, hip and knee etc. The effective treatment of these diseases or injuries needs synthetic biomaterials which have the capability to contact and bond with the living tissue, as well as replacement of hard and soft tissues. Artificial biomaterials are used in clinical applications in the form of implants for ear, hip, knee, elbow joint injury and as biomedical products like blood bags, syringes and needles, etc. Interface between the implant and natural tissues is a significant subject for investigation in biomaterials science. Bone is a composite of organic and inorganic components. The most important inorganic portion of bone is hydroxyapatite (HAp). Depending on the size of the wound, HAp is used as implants in different forms like powder, paste, solid and ceramic coated metals. Stoichiometric HAp has poor bioactivity due to poor resorbability. Owing to this reason, researchers are developing new types of resorbable and non-resorbable materials such as mixed phase of calcium phosphates, polymer scaffolds and its composites. HAp coated on metal bonds directly with the bone and has better mechanical properties. However, HAp coated metals have their disadvantages such as less adhesion strength, lattice mismatching between metal and HAp coatings, low bioactivity, bacterial infections and no clear chemical composition. Therefore, the bioactivity of the HAp coated metal implants is improved through different processes like surface modification and preparation techniques newline