A Study on end forming of metallic tubes

Abstract

End forming of tubes generally refer to making of simple or complex shapes such as expansions, reductions, flares, flanges, tapers, and beads made at the end of the tube by single or multiple metal forming operations. These end formed tubes have plenty of applications in our day-to-day life, agriculture and automobile sectors. Earlier research in the field of tube end forming was focused on identification of main process parameters, especially tube inversion methods. With the further advancement....