Biochemical and Physiological Alterations of Fresh Water Fish Claris Batrachus during Exposure and Regaining Activity after Organophosphate Insecticide Ethion Toxic Manifestation

Abstract

Today world in real sense the use of pesticides are useful and essential tools in forestry and agriculture, but excess use of pesticides causes unavoidable degradation of natural aquatic ecosystem is suffering from various natural calamities due to many anthropogenic activites of human being . An unending list including faster urbanization, industrial growth and increasing population density has increased complexcity of human problems. Day by day farmers using pesticides for crop protection enormously, specially in developing countries like India. newlineIn real sense the use of pesticides are useful and essential tools in forestry and agriculture, but excess use of pesticides causes unavoidable degradation of natural aquatic ecosystem .The investigation of newer chemical compounds to control diseases and pests of various crop plants have been useful in controlling the expected as pest but they have also create servere environmental crisis. newlineThere are about 65 thousand chemicals and its derivatives are in common use world wide and more than thousand new synthetic formulated chemicals are marketed each year. Among these most chemicals adversly affect the natural environment. newlineThey can be broadly grouped as in a insecticides, carbonates, fungicides, pesticides, metallic pollutants, gases, and so on. Thus there is almost an unending list of materials that bring evil upon us. As per the requirements and utilization of these chemicals, in or near the water bodies through entirely aquatic ecosystem spoils the natural river and ponds, flora and fauna. The pollution of surface water caused by pesticides used in agriculture and their effects on non-target organisms are problems of global importance . newlineEthion is very highly toxic to fresh water and marine fish and to fresh water invertebrate s . The U.S. environmental protection agency (1989) deals in detail study on toxicity and estimated the LD50 for fresh water invertebrates. Ethion accumulated in the tissues of fish. newlineIn Marathawada region the organophosphate pesticide Ethion is