Plumeria acuminata A Mechanistic Study on Reproduction

Abstract

Results: LD50 value i.e., 2000 mg/kg from acute toxicity test resulted in the selection of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose values for all three leave, flower and root extracts. In case of anti-fertility model, administration of extracts expressively altered the hormonal intensities up to ~7-99% i.e., decrease in estrogen, progesterone, and LH level as well as increased in FSH level. Anatomical alterations in reproductive organs were confirmed by observing cystic follicles and atrophied squamous cells during histopathological evaluation. Vaginal smear evaluation confirmed the disturbance of estrous cycle with an increase in estrous cycle length up to ~8-64% as well as a decrease in the number of the estrous cycle and each phase up to ~0-118% except diestrus phase. In case of anti-estrogenic model, leaves, flowers and root extracts brought changes in estrogen, FSH, LH and progesterone levels i.e., ~38-187%, ~5-28%, ~6-35% and ~2-5%, respectively. While observing endometrium thickness and uterus diameter, compared to control, all three extracts treatment induced significant alteration i.e., ~5-35% and ~1-52%, respectively. Organ weight data for ovary, uterus and oviduct also showed significant changes ranging from ~16-66%, ~4-29% and ~21-131%, respectively. Extracts treatment also brought changes in histopathology of reproductive organs like reducing the number of primary follicle, secondary follicle, ciliated and peg cells, decreasing the metaplastic squamous cells and columnar epithelium lining. In case of anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation model, treatment with these brought ~2-54%, ~5-48%, and ~1-68% changes respectively in the hormonal, growth factors and cytokines profile. Ovarian histology revealed restricted follicle maturation and ovulation whereas uterine histology unveiled a ~5-28% decrease in the endometrium thickness making it unreceptive for implantation after treatment with leaves, flowers and roots extracts. In case of abortifacient model, administration of extracts significantly altered the hormona