Early Detection of Genetic and Molecular Instabilities and Arterial Stiffness for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

newline Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) is a leading menace to the world, which newlinecaused more than 30 % of global deaths in recent years. CVD mainly affects blood newlinecirculatory system of the body. Even though older population are main sufferers of newlineCVD, younger generations are not immune to CVD. The early diagnosis and newlineintervention are needed to reduce mortality and morbidity. In this study, varying newlinedegrees of CVD subjects were taken as case that include mild Coronary Artery newlineDisease (CAD), Diabetic Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HT), and dyslipidaemia. newlineApparently healthy, devoid of DM, HT, or any chronic diseases were taken as newlinecontrol. newlineThe present study was performed on 300 cases, who were recruited from the newlineCardiology Department of Mount Zion Medical College, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, newlineand 57controls. Behavioural risk factors were collected with a pre-structured newlinequestionnaire. Blood samples were collected to estimate Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), newlinelipid profile, Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Cytokinesis-block micronuclei newline(CBMN) frequency. Physiological parameters like Body Mass Index (BMI), Systolic newlineBlood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Pressure, Heart Rate (HR), Pulse Pressure (PP), newlinePulse Wave Velocity (PWV), Augmentation Index (Alx) and Arterial Stiffness (AS) newlinewere measured automatically by Cardiac Risk Profiler (Genesis Medical Systems). newlineLipid profile and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) were done by Mispa Neo (Agape), newlinesemi auto analyzer with a respective test kit from Agape. EZAssayTM antioxidant newlineactivity estimation kit (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma [FRAP]), produced by Hi newlineMedia, was used to obtain FRAP values and measured the absorbance at 578nm newlineusing a microplate reader (BIO RAD, iMarkTM). The Cytokinesis-block newlinemicronuclei (CBMN) frequency measurements were performed to find out newlineDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage.