Development of All Solid State Supercapacitors Delivering High Power Density using Carbon Derived from P juliflora versus Pure and Transition Elements Doped Zinc cobaltite

Abstract

Supercapacitors are looked in as futuristic energy storage device based on the facts of (i) long cycles (ii) ease of charging and discharging (iii) can store higher energy. It is also be noted that the supercapacitors can have wide range of operating temperature. Whereas supercapacitors are not good entity for long term energy storage due to self-discharge rates and there will be a decline in the voltage output with their charging cycles. Mostly, airbag controllers in vehicles are now powered by supercapacitors due to fast response time with high power density required. Also, supercapacitors suffer from poor energy density, varied life cycles and cost issues. newlineCarbon and its allotropes are the most commonly used electrode in supercapacitors. Among all of them, graphite and graphene are attractive entities. Graphite is excavated or prepared from petroleum products. The naturally occurring graphite or exfoliated graphene is under demand for the quantum of requirement with presently available battery applications. Further, the recent production cut on the grounds of environmental issues poses threat on the futuristic energy storage utilities. Thus, it is extremely in need to meet out the demand with alternative supply. Hence, the abundantly available biomass is one of the best alternatives of carbon sources and several research communities are focusing on this aspect. One of the unintentional weeds in India, P.juliflora, will be a good alternate due to the rapid growth of the plant and naturalizing the vegetation will also prevent draining of underground water as this plant was intentionally introduced during draught to bring water by their long running roots to promote wetlands. Hence, this work utilizes the parts of this plant towards this goal additionally addressing the environmental friendly method of avoiding post activation process. newlineZinc cobaltites are emerging metal oxides which is considered to be less toxic compared to other spinel electrodes.