In Vitro Anti Cancer activity of Psidium guajava Linn leaf in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Since the Vedic times indigenous phytochemicals available in plants have been used to treat various diseases which apart from being easily available also are less likely to produce much adverse effects The present study was performed to assess the anti cancer effects of Guava leaf extract Psidium guajava L in Oral cancer The study protocol was done on commercially available KB Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines after obtaining ethical clearance The guava leaves were collected authenticated and subjected to preliminary phytochemical analyses The extraction process was done on dried leaves with 100 percent Ethanol 100 percent water Aqueous and 70 percent Ethanol 30 percent Water mixture The leaf extracts were partially characterized using High performance thin layer chromatography HPTLC The extracts were subjected to a 3 model antioxidant analysis anti microbial and anti inflammatory analysis Two best samples viz 100 percent alcoholic and hydro alcoholic were subjected to MTT assay AO by EB staining Annexin V fluorescent staining flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analyses While both extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity Hydro alcoholic extract demonstrated effective anti bacterial activity and comparable antifungal activity Hydro alcoholic extracts showed greater effective cellular proliferation inhibition at a lower dose Hydro alcoholic extracts induced apoptosis and nucleosomal DNA fragmentation at a concentration as low as 1point 56 meu gmL power minus 1 Therefore the hydroalcoholic extracts of guava leaves showed potent anticancer activity against OSCC cell lines with an adjuvant effect of anti inflammatory and anti microbial activity thereby aiding in combating the microbial infections associated with decreased immunity seen in cancer patients newline