Agriculture and Development A Sociological Study of Understanding the Position of Marginal Farmers and Landless Agricultural Labourers of Nanded District

Abstract

India is a country of small and big villages. Nearly 80 per cent of the population lives in 6, 29364 villages and their main occupation are agriculture. Agriculture sector has been back bone of Indian economy. Indian societyand#8223;s culture and civilization has been built and developed on the foundation of agriculture economy. In the past, time due to rudimentary techniques and dependency on monsoon rain. The Indian farmers practiced rainfed agriculture. Only single crop was taken within a year. The two-thirds of the employment were engaged in the agriculture sector. The structure of village community was based on a simple division of labour. The farmers cultivated the soil and tended cattle. Similarly, these existed classes of people did their traditional work and these traditional works were hereditary and passed by tradition from father to son . (Datt and Sundharam: 2007). T.N. Aatre also described the typical social environment of rural society in this Gawgadaand#8223; book. The Mughals Empires had established a comprehensive system of land revenue administration in India . (Bhalla: 2008). Although this reform system in agriculture system were introduced but none of them had talk or thought about marginal farmers and landless agricultural labours During the British rule in India huge investment was made on irrigation in 1920 and a reasonable network of canal irrigation was created in Punjab, Sind and the United provinces, and had the other aspect of technological development was the setting up of the Imperial research institute in pusa in the state of Bihar in 1905 and the Royal council of Agriculture researchand#8223; in 1929 and some agricultural universities were instituted and research was encouraged.and#8223;(Bhall: .2000)British did try for the development of Indian agriculture system by establishing scientific and research institute for the better production of the crops. newline During British period rural society in Ryotwari and Mahalwari areas was polarized into landlords and rich peasants versus tenants and agricultural labourer. The dist