Certain Investigations for Shielding Materials Over Mobile Tower Radiation Hazards

Abstract

Electromagnetic (EM) radiations have increased its approach in many areas like telecommunication, medical, industrial and domestic heating, lighting etc. Everyday millions of people around the world use mobile phones as a communication tool. For this purpose, mobile towers are continuously being erected and Radio Frequency (RF) waves are transmitted by them. Scientists worldwide are concerned about the potential health risks associated with the radiation emitted from mobile towers. Due to the continuous exposure of these RF waves in the human body the RF energy causes heating in the human body and electrons are stripped out from atoms and molecules. This leads to damage in biological tissues including effects on Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) in the genetic material. Also exposure to EM radiations with cells lead to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which have huge pathogenic potential. The result is the major health issues like cancer, leukaemia, tumours and other diseases like sleep disorders, dryness in eyes, body pain etc. newlineWhile considering the radiation from mobile towers, the most important parameter is Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which is the amount of radiation absorbed by the human body. There are certain specific limitations for SAR as per the International Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for each country. ICNIRP is an independent organization which provides scientific guidelines for the protection against the non-ionizing radiation exposures. Generally most of the European Union Countries and other countries in the world wide is instructed to stick on the guidelines mentioned by ICNIRP. newlineIn mobile towers there are mainly two different types of antennas such as rectangular antenna and circular antenna are used. Normally three rectangular antennas are placed at an angle of 120and#9702; in order to cover the entire region under a particular mobile tower. These antennas help to transmit and receive signals between mobile users and mobile towers.