Optimal Automatic Generation Control

Abstract

An interconnected power system composed of several areas of generating units, which are newlineconnected through tie-lines. The successful operation of interconnected power systems requires the matching of total generation with total load demand and associated system losses at nominal frequency and terminal voltage. A nominal frequency is achieved by maintaining generation and demand of real power. In a large scale practical system real power requirement is continuously changing, therefore manual regulation is not feasible. Another problem is that the interconnection of the power systems results in huge increases in both the order of the system newlineand the number of the tuning controller parameters. For this purpose, automatic generation control (AGC) is designed and implemented to automatically balance generated power and load demand in each area. The AGC responds to a frequency signal via the speed governor and control valves. One of the advantages of AGC is providing real time control to match the generation changes to the load changes while maintaining tie-line flows within a tolerance band and good tracking load demand with disturbances. newlineAGC as an ancillary service significantly acquire system reliability of deregulated system at a specified level by different optimum controller. Only limited work has been reported, which consider the optimal tuning of an integral controller. The system operators manage the market settlement and allow the contracted power to flow from generation companies to distribution newlinecompanies. In order to maintain frequency regulation for different market structure controlling of participation of generation companies and load is a must. newlineIn last few years, many researchers introduced different variations in the PSO to adequately solve problem of convergence at local optima. Some research work introduced hybrid intelligent algorithm by combining PSO with chaos searching techniques for solving nonlinear bi-level programming problems. Such technique was used to enhance the diversity of the particles.