Development of titanium nanotube Arrays for orthopaedic applications

Abstract

Now a days the usage of implant materials has increased newlineenormously due to the ageing population worldwide and growing demand for newlinehigher quality of life The need of implant materials such as hip replacement newlineknee replacement etc is expected to double at 2025 In addition it was newlineestimated that by the end of 2030 the number of total hip replacements and newlinetotal knee orthoplastys will increase by 174 and 673 from the present newlinerate In medicine the eventual aim above and beyond prevention is get back newlineto health and cure the damage after injuries Surgeons and physicians have newlinedone curing in conventional way The engineers and material scientists have newlineprovided most favorable materials for every specific implant application newlineTitanium Ti metal and its alloys are widely used as dental and newlinemedical implant materials due to its excellent biocompatibility good newlinecorrosion resistance durability and strength compared to other alloys such as newline316L Stainless Steel and Co Cr alloys However the surface being bio inert newlineit lacks bone bonding ability In order to enhance this ability the surface of newlinethe implant materials should be modified Various surface treatments have newlinebeen explored for producing Ti implants with enhanced biocompatibility One newlineamong them is anodization which induced the formation of rough and newlinenanoporous nanotubular TiO2 surface newline newline