Design And Analysis Of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures

Abstract

Over a decade, the communication industry has seen a lot of scope and advancement in wireless communication. Nowadays, it has become so very vital part of our life that no one can think of living without communication media. Some of the wireless communication systems which have changed our lives are WLAN (Wi-Fi), Cellular communication, Satellite Communication, Radar, Global Positioning System (GPS), Bluetooth, Infrared Communication etc. Modern Wireless Communication systems are using radio waves for efficient transfer of data. For all the above systems to efficiently work, an Antenna is a promising candidate. As such there is always great demand of designing efficient and eminent performing antennas and that too with miniaturization. The availability of wide bandwidth, light weight and low cost etc. are some of the key parameters which are considered when designing an antenna. newlineAnother important factor which affects the performance of antennas is the polarization matching of both the transmitter and receiver antennas so that the losses are negligible. To achieve the matching of polarization an alluring solution to achieve the same, so that there is flexibility in the angle between transmitting and receiving antennas, alleviating multipath effect and enhancing weather penetration, are Circularly Polarized (CP) Antennas. With CP Antennas having several advantages such as their light weight, low profile, low cost and ease of fabrication, these can be designed in a variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain and bandwidth, multi band and even ultra wideband. CP waves are produced by two orthogonal electric field vectors having equal amplitude and phase difference of 90 degrees. Different CP Antennas have been built by various researchers using different approaches such as truncating corners of patch, cutting slots, slits, and many other methods. The aforementioned methods reported by researchers did obtain circular polarization, but due to surface waves inside the substrate, the antennas suffered poor gain an