Synthesis Characterization and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Transformations

Abstract

Nanocatalysis is a highly attractive and emerging field in catalysis as it possesses the important attributes of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Nano-catalysts are highly active and selective due to their large surface area and exhibit easy recovery and reusability owing to their heterogeneous nature. The present research work describes the synthesis of two nano-catalysts by immobilizing active catalytic species on nano-support. The synthesized nano-catalysts were characterized through various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, such as XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, FTIR, EDX and CHNS analysis. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated through their utilization in various organic transformations to synthesize pharmaceutically important heterocyclic molecules. All synthesized compounds were characterized through spectroscopic techniques. Based on literature and catalyst structure, plausible mechanisms for all studied reactions were also presented. The recyclability of both catalysts was also checked by their utilization in model reactions. newlineThe work embodied in the present thesis comprises of six chapters. Chapter 1 gives an account of the brief introduction of green chemistry, catalysis, and nano-catalysis. More emphasis was given on graphene oxide (GO), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) supported catalysts and their applications in some important industrial transformations. This chapter also highlights the scope and objectives of the present work. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of imidazolium-based, -SO3H functionalized dicationic ionic liquid through step-wise functionalization of graphene oxide and characterization of synthesized catalyst through different analytical techniques. It also includes the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticle-supported phosphotungstic acid through immobilization of phosphotungstic acid on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles. Synthesized catalyst was characterized through various analytical methods. Chapter 3 provides the synthesis of 1-carbamatoa