Combi magnetic cross linked enzyme aggregates CM CLEAs in phenolic azo dye degradation

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and urbanization has led to the growth of various industries newlinearound the World. Among various industries, textile industries is one of the oldest newlineand largest industries. As the demand of textile products is increasing, the newlinewastewater generation is also increasing proportionately resulting in environment newlinepollution, globally. Huge amount of water is utilized in the processes of textile newlineindustries, starting from washing, bleaching and dyeing of the fabrics. According to newlinethe World Bank, it has been estimated that 17 to 20 percent of industrial pollution in newlinewater comes from the dyeing textile industries. About 10-15% of the dyes used in newlinetextile industry enter into the wastewater stream. Dyes containing textile effluents newlinecausing serious environmental pollutions and health problems. Azo dyes is one of newlinethe largest group of synthetic dyes widely used in textile industry. They have newlinemutagenic and carcinogenic potential. So, it necessitates its removal prior to its newlineentry in to the environment. Biological treatment offers a cheaper and environment newlinefriendly alternative for colour removal in textile effluents. Enzymes secreted by newlinemicroorganisms facilitate them to degrade dyes, due to their chemical and catalytic newlinefeature. The enzymes suffer from certain drawbacks such as storage instability, newlinesensitivity to elevated pH and temperature, resulting in loss of activity and reuse and newlinerecovery problems. Enzyme immobilization could solve the obstacles associated newlinewith these problems. But the selection of a suitable carrier material is another big newlinechallenge in immobilization process. So, to overcome the selection of suitable newlinecarrier, a carrier free immobilization technique was involved i.e. cross-linked enzyme newlineaggregates (CLEAs). However, the number of enzymes immobilized by CLEAs newlinetechnology is limited. Chitosan coated iron magnetic nanoparticles can overcome newlinethe separation problem of CLEAs and improve the cross-linking efficiency of the newlineenzyme with low Lys residue. The combi-magnetic cross-l