Studies on in Vitro and Vivo Anti Inflammatory Activities of Polyphenols from Ananas Comosus

Abstract

Inflammation is defined as the local response of living mammalian tissues to injury newlinedue to any agent. It is a process wherein the body is not only attempting to eliminate newlinethe inflammatory stimuli, but also trying to repair the damage. The four cardinal signs newlineof inflammation are redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor) and pain (dolor). newlineDepending upon the defence capacity of the host and duration of response, newlineinflammation is classified as acute and chronic. The conventional therapy for newlineinflammatory diseases includes treatment with steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory newlinedrugs. However, these drugs show long term side effects such as weight newlineloss, diarrhoea, skin rash and kidney failure. The limitations and risks associated with newlinethe conventional therapy have led people to explore alternative measures of treatment newlinefor inflammatory diseases. According to WHO 80% of the world population relies on newlinetraditional medicine. Plant-derived medicine would be not only relatively safer than newlinesynthetic alternatives, but also more affordable for poorer communities. Hence, newlinemedicinal plants may serve to fulfil this need. newlineThe aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects newlineof Ananas comosus root (ARE), leaf (ALE) and fruit peel (AFPE) extracts. The plant newlinematerial was extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus and was subjected to newlinepreliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and quantitative analysis of flavonoids newlineand tannins. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of newlinethe extracts was carried out. The components present in the extracts were identified newlineusing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatographymass newlinespectrometry (GC-MS). Inhibitory effects of the extracts on protein newlinedenaturation, and proteinase activity were assessed.Then effects on secretion of proinflammatory newlinecytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-and#945;) and newlineinterleukin-1 beta (IL-1and#946;) and inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 newline(PGE2)