River Action Plan For Pollution Abatement A Case Study of Kshipra River

Abstract

This study deals with framing an action plan for the pollution abatement and water quality newlinerestoration of a holy River Kshipra flowing through Ujjain in the state of Madhya Pradesh newline(India). It is contaminated by Khan River carrying domestic and industrial wastewater of newlineIndore city and domestic wastewater of Ujain city. The river is highly polluted and its newlinewater is not even fit for bathing as per CPCB norms. The values of DO and BOD ranges newlinebetween 0-8 mg/L and 5-40 mg/L respectively. The NSF water quality index also newlinesuggests that its water is of bad quality. The main objective of the study is to suggest newlinesuitable feasible measures to achieve the desired level of water quality i. e. bathing quality newlineas prescribed by CPCB (pH = 6 - 8.5, DO 2 5 mg/L., BOD 3 mg/L and newlineMPN/100 mL lt 500). A steady state one dimensional water quality model QUAL-2Kw newlinewas attempted in the present analysis. The model was calibrated and validated for the data newlineof the year 2010. It was established that model can be applied to small rivers like Kshipra newlineLooking to the two major sources of pollution i.e. Khan River and drains, the various newlinewater quality management options were examined considering: (i) pollution loads newlinemodification; (ii) flow augmentation and (iii) artificial aeration on the basis of cost, water newlineavailability and scope for higher dilution demand. The combination of theses alternatives newlineis necessary to curtail BOD and pathogens and to retrieve the DO level. It was found that newlinethe second option (Khan River merge and divert all drains) as limited dilution along with newlineacration is the most feasible one looking to the cost, cconomie annual cost and water newlineavailability. In this option, the highest BOD of 10.85 mg/l will be reduced upto 8.21 newlineng/l. by dilution at the rate of 3.0 cumee and remaining BOD upto 3.0 mng L will be newlineXV newlinereduced by aeration. This option has sufficient scope for higher dilution demand also.