Design Synthesis and Bio Medical Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Probes

Abstract

Mysteries in biological sciences have always inspired and challenged mankind. Why do we exist? , how did we evolve? , how was it when it all started? so many questions! Even though we claim to have provided answers to many such questions, we are unaware of several things. We still do not know how proteins fold in body. The everlasting quest for such known unknowns and unknown unknowns led to ground-breaking research, particularly in biological sciences. At the dawn of 21st century, human genome project (HGP) was complete. It presented unprecedented opportunities for further exploration, including drug discovery and basic research in biological sciences. This led to further expansion in molecular biology, cell biology, -omics disciplines, systems biology and what not. In tandem with great discoveries in biological sciences, advances in sophisticated instrumental techniques and computational power made the journey very rewarding. newlineExploration of biological systems relies on our ability to quantify and visualize molecules that give out signals with high temporal (precision of a measurement with respect to time) and spatial (precision of a measurement with respect to distance) resolutions. From the outset of optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy in particular, the development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria and its derivatives with improved photophysical properties and other discoveries based on fluorescence phenomenon provided vital tools to investigate complex processes in biological systems [1,2]. A breakthrough research in the field of GFP led to Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 to Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien from USA for the discovery and development of GFP.With the aid of GFP, researchers have developed ways to observe processes that were previouslyinvisible, such as the development of nerve cells in the brain or how cancer cells spread. newline