Design and fabrication of lead free electronic materials for capacitive temperature sensor

Abstract

The functional ferroelectric materials are gaining significant research interest in the newlinecurrent scenario due to the aspiration for development of capacitive temperature newlinesensors on account of inherent pyroelectric characteristic with higher mechanical, newlinechemical and thermal stability. Despite significant advancements in solid state newlinescience and technology, a much-awaited scientific breakthrough is indispensable for newlinethe development of a novel eco-friendly ferroelectric material with stronger newlinetemperature dependent permittivity along with lower tangent loss resulting in higher newlinepyroelectric response for formulation of capacitive temperature sensor intended for newlinehigh temperature industrial applications. An elegant solution to this is the assortment, newlinedevelopment and fabrication of different complex perovskite compounds through newlinesubstitution of transition metals (either, zinc Zn2+ newline, nickel Ni2+, ferrous Fe2+, niobium newlineNb5+, tantalum Ta5+and vanadium V5+) at X/Y sites of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3; BFO) newlinesolid solution, which would offer the promise for designing ferroelectric based newlinecapacitive temperature sensors. In order to demarcate the eminence of the synthesized newlinesolid solution and validate the propensity of the compound for capacitive temperature newlinesensor various structural, morphological, electrical properties with structure-property newlinerelationship, dielectric, loss tangent, impedance, resistive, conductive, ferroelectric, newlinepyroelectric as well as capacitive characteristics have been experimentally explored. newlineA comprehensive comparison between all the prepared transition metal doped BFO newlinecompounds have been accomplished to illustrate the pre-eminence of the capacitive newlinespecimen as a potential ferroelectric entity with desired properties for temperature newlinesensor device design. The temperature sensor is designed based on capacitive newlinetechnology using one of the fabricated eco-friendly component [vanadium doped newlineBiFeO3; Bi(Fe2/3 V1/3)O3] as lumped capacitor. The temperature sensing behavior has newlinebeen exemplified by connecting the capacitor in