Development of Lightweight Cryptographic Schemes for Internet of Things

Abstract

In terms of technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) is new. IoT is a network of newlinephysical items (things) outfitted with sensors, smart networking, radio-frequency newlineidentification (RFID), and other technologies that interact and exchange data with other newlinedevices and systems through the Internet. There is now a significant increase in IoT newlineapplications all around the world. IoT is leading the actual world to become smarter in a newlinevariety of sectors, including home and building automation, smart traffic, smart healthcare, newlineand smart energy grids. Therefore, expectations and studies have led to the connection of newlinemore than 50 billion devices by the year 2020. The amount of exchanged data will be very newlinelarge; as such, it is necessary for this increasing amount of data to be secured during the newlineprocess of exchange. newlineData security is represented by cryptography, which is an important tool newline(algorithms) in security that can be defined as converting plaintext (original text) into newlineciphertext (mysterious text) and reversing from ciphertext (mysterious text) into plaintext newline(original text). These operations are called encryption and decryption by using a cipher. newlineConventional cryptography has different standard algorithms like the Advanced Encryption newlineStandard (AES) algorithm, and Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. However, the newlinesecurity level is not strong in DES compared with AES. The algorithm of cryptography newlineprovides a high-level security, but it does not take into account the hardware/software newlinerequirements; power consumption (cycles of encryption/decryption), code size, and newlinememory overhead. Since the traditional cryptography does not focus on the newlinehardware/software requirements, it is not suitable to work on very low computing power newlinedevices. Due to the tremendous sophistication of technology everywhere and the newlineinefficiency of practical applications and complicated mathematical processes in traditional newlineXVI newlinecryptography, which are also expensive in processing and memory space, lightweight newlinecryptography (LWC) is a new direction of c