Physicochemical Characterization of Urease and Its Immobilization on Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

newline Ureases (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) are the most proficient enzyme known to newlinedate and are widely distributed in plants, fungi and bacteria. It is a metalloenzyme newlinewhich is nickel-dependent and its function is to catalyse the hydrolysis of urea into newlineammonia and carbon dioxide. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) urease is the best newlinestudied plant urease and identified as the first nickel metalloenzyme and also was the newlinefirst enzyme to be crystallized. In plants, urease plays important role in urea nitrogen newlinecycle, acts as defence protein in systemic nitrogen transport pathways, is responsible newlinefor accumulation pattern of the proteins during seed maturation and also functions in newlinethe utilization of seed protein reserves during germination along with arginase. On the newlineother hand, bacterial ureases are involved in formation of infection stones and newlinecontribute to the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia and hepatic newlineencephalopathy, etc