Vehicle to Grid Ancillary Services using Intelligent Green Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Smartgrid

Abstract

Excessive use of fossil fuels to meet the transportation demand all over the world newlinehas resulted in both its depletion and emissions that are out of control. With the growing popularity of electrified transportation across the world, there have been extensive newlinereports of research involving Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs), Electric Vehicle Charging newlineFacilities (EVCF) and their integration to the main electric grid, besides sustainable newlineenergy resources for powering these vehicles. Powering PEVs with renewable energy newlineresults in cleaner and greener transportation. PEVs, when parked for charging, can newlineundertake vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ancillary services to support the electrical grid stabilization. This requires intelligent control techniques and proper communication in a smartgrid environment. The potential of PEVs to participate in ancillary services and newlinedemand side management is explored in this research work.The research work starts with a comprehensive literature review on vehicle technologies, standards, grid integration methods, ancillary service potential of PEVs, V2G concept, charging strategies, power quality issues in grid and ways to mitigate them. The second part of this research proffers a power factor corrected public green-charging infrastructure accompanied by an integrated control, for electric Light Motor Vehicles (e-LMVs), compliant with recently formulated Indian charging standards. An integrated ICos_ control algorithm for bidirectional power flow and power factor correction with multimode operation of a solar powered EVCF is proposed here.Power factor correction of PEV charging current,solar photo-voltaic grid integration and charging of energy storage system are achieved using control of bidirectional AC/DC converters. A firmware and user interface for multimode off-board DC charging, with Green, Fast and Semi-fast charging modes are investigated.An intelligent control for Fast charging is also presented, to reduce its pernicious impact on the grid. The simulation and hardware results verify the...