A Comparative study of Pap Smear and Direct Visualization of Cervix by Application of 3 Percent Acetic Acid in Early Detection of Cervical Cancer among Women attending Gynaec Out Patient Department at Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Melmaruvathur Kancheepuram District

Abstract

The present the primary aim of the study was to detect early premalignant lesion of cervical cancer through two screening procedure of PAP SMEAR and VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid). Finding of the present study is concluded that women n= 34 (11.3%) were screened as positive for pap smear and women n=33 (11%) were screened as positive for premalignant and lesion of cervical cancer through VIA. women n=11 (3.7%) were positive for both pap smear and VIA. Both the test are significant in early detection of pre malignant lesion of cervical cancer among women. The efficacy of VIA was compared with pap smear as golden standard test result shows that VIA sensitivity 55.88%, specificity 94.74%, positive likelihood ratio 10.62, negative likelihood ratio 0.47, positive predictive value 57.58%, negative predictive value 94.38%, false negative rate 44.1 %, false positive rate 5.26% and disease prevalence 11.33%. Both the screening procedure pap smear and VIA findings are having significant association with selected demographic variables like marital status and family history of cervical cancer of women were statistically significant at 0.05%. The study concluded that VIA is consider to be as parallel and alternative screening procedure for pap smear which can be utilized in both resource and low resource settings. The efficacy of VIA with sensitivity 55.88%, specificity 94.74%, positive likelihood ratio 10.62, negative likelihood ratio 0.47, positive predictive value 57.58%, negative predictive value 94.38 %. The study result shows that statistically it was proved that marital status and family history of cervical cancer are considered as associated risk factors which strongly influence in development of premalignant lesion of cervical cancer. The findings of the present study have implication more in the felid of low resource and resource setting. The findings of the study may helpful for future studies. In this context the findings of the study has valuable implications towards nursing education practice and research.