Metal Integrated Nano Bioglass Ceramics for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

The potential for tissue regeneration owing to the limited availability of surface biomaterials, which did not meet modern grafting techniques. Therefore, the development of advanced biomaterials for tissue regeneration is now of major concern. Bioglass ceramic (BGC), due to its larger osteogenic effect with a similar bony affinity, was one of the most wildly acknowledged biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, these materials have the shortcomings, such as (1) early dissolution at the site of implantation and (2) low mechanical load-bearing capacity. Hence, metallic ion was integrated which also enhances efficacy towards osteo-regeneration. In this study, multifunctional zinc doped nanoparticles of bioglass (Zn-nBGC) are produced with the objective of generating an ideal implant candidate for osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone tissue regeneration. Sol gel synthesized nBGC and Zn-nBGC particles were subjected for physico-chemical characterizations using various methods. In addition, biocompatibility analysis results have shown enhanced hemocompatible, cytocompatible properties of Zn-nBGC as compared to nBGC particles. Incorporation of zinc resulted in considerable increase in bone matrix mineralization at cellular and molecular levels in mouse mesenchymal stem cells [(C3H10T1/2)-mMSC] and tibial bone defective rat models as well. Furthermore, CAM assay (in ovo model) has shown promising results with regard to neovascularization at cellular and molecular levels. Inhibition of bacterial growth against gram positive and negative bacteria, respectively have also been resulted comparatively effective upon Zn-nBGC. Thus, the Zn-nBGC particles have multifunctional characteristics that promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Its antibacterial properties have also proved to be beneficial, as sepsis is one of the latest surgical concerns associated to implant surgery, which can prevented by the antibacterial property of it. Furthermore, the study also suggests that Zn-nBGC may employed in future in the field of regenerative medicine as an implant biomaterial for repair of broken bones. newline