Smart integration of renewable energy sources energy storage systems and electric vehicles in electric distribution system

Abstract

newlineRecently, photovoltaic generation (PV) has attracted a great attention as one of green newlinepower generations. Accordingly a large amount of PV systems will be installed in residential newlineareas in the coming years. In such scenario, reverse power flow caused by PV in feeders may newlinecause some problems such as voltage rise over upper limits in the distribution line, and the newlinereverse power flow into the distribution substation. Battery energy storage system (BESS) is a newlinepromising option to solve the above both problems at the same time. Electric vehicles (EVs) newlinepromote many advantages for distribution systems such as increasing efficiency and newlinereliability, decreasing dependence on non-endogenous resources, and reducing pollutant newlineemissions. Due to increased proliferation of EVs and their integration in power systems, newlinemanagement and operation of distribution systems (ODS) is becoming more important. newlineRecent studies have shown that EV can increase power grid flexibility since EV owners do newlinenot use them for 93 96% of the daytime. Therefore, it is important to exploit parking time, newlineduring which EVs can act either as a load or distributed storage device, to maximize the newlinebenefit for the power system. Following a survey of the current state-of-the-art, this work newlinestudies the impact of EV charging/discharging on the load profile. Since PV and BESS play a newlinecritical role in future distribution systems, the current case study considered the presence of newlinePV and BESS and their stochastic nature has been modeled. The study proceeds with newlineanalyzing EV owners driving habits, enabling prediction of the network load profile. The newlineconstrained optimization objective has been stated in different chapters. Optimization newlinealgorithm is used to determination of the placement bus and maximum allowable PV newlinegeneration, number of BESS and EVs penetration in a radial distribution system taking into newlineaccount the system constraints under various scenarios i.e (winter and summer). Case studies newlineare implemented and the comparison analysis is performed in terms of the use and benefit of newlineeach design feature of the algorithm. The impact of: EV charging/discharging modes (i.e., newlinedump and smart charging), Time of Use (TOU) pricing, EV Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle newlineto Grid (V2G) mode of operation, and driving patterns on the ODS is analyzed. The results newlineindicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the operational cost, maximize