C H ACTIVATION OF ORTHO FUNCTIONALIZED ANILINES AND ARYL and#946; KETOESTERS SYNTHESIS OF ISATINS BENZOTHIADIAZINE 1 1 DIOXIDES STYRYLQUINAZOLINES 1 4 ENEDIONES AND RELATED NATURAL PRODUCTS

Abstract

The work carried out and presented in this thesis deals with the development of newlineC-H activation approaches for the synthesis of different heterocyclic ring systems, newlinemainly using copper and iodine catalysts. Hence, a detailed literature background on CH newlineactivation approaches, employing copper or iodine sources is covered in this chapter. newlineThe demand for green and sustainable chemistry has inspired chemists to seek newlineefficient and economic ways to construct chemical bonds useful in the synthesis of newlinecomplex structures.1 C-H bonds are ubiquitous in organic molecules and construction newlineof C C, C O, and C N bonds are essential links in most organics. Thus, direct newlinefunctionalization of C H to C X (X = C, O, N and S) bonds becomes one of the most newlinevaluable and straightforward methods for the synthesis of value-added complex newlinestructures. The inherently high bond dissociation energies of C H bonds frequently newlinenecessitate harsh reaction conditions for its functionalization. The vast majority of C H newlinebond cleavages occur at very high temperatures (often above 100 and#7439;C) in the presence of newlinestrong oxidants and acidic or basic additives. Consequently, these methodologies newlineexhibit poor compatibility with most functional groups and severely compromising newlinetheir potential for application in complex natural product synthesis newline