Investigating the Effect of Cryo Treated Tool and Work Material in Ultrasonic Machining of Titanium Alloys

Abstract

Ultrasonic machining is a non-traditional, but established mechanical material removal process, generally suitable for hard and brittle materials such as quartz, ceramics, glass, semiconductors etc., carried out using shaped tools, high frequency mechanical motion and an abrasive slurry. USM neither involves chemical reaction nor is of thermal type and is also suitable for machining of electrically non-conductive and brittle work piece materials which are generally difficult to machine by conventional machining methods. Titanium is the fourth most abundant structural metal and ninth most abundant element in the earth s crust. Titanium has been recognized as an element (Symbol Ti; atomic number 22; and atomic weight 47.9) for at least 200 years. Despite of being a difficult to machine material due to high chemical reactivity, tendency to weld to cutting tool, poor thermal conductivity that leads to accumulation of heat near the cutting edge of the tool, high retained strength and hardness at elevated temperature and low modulus of elasticity, titanium and its alloys find wide applications in aerospace, chemical, automotive, petroleum, medical and sporting goods industry. Commercially pure titanium alloys (ASTM Grades 1 4, 7, 11) are used mainly for their corrosion resistance properties in applications requiring adequate strength while high-strength alloyed forms are sub graded into three main groups: and#945; alloys, and#946;- alloys and and#945;and#946; alloys and are used mostly for their superior strength-to-weight ratios and good corrosion resistance for applications in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical sector.