Characterization and Biological evaluation of chemical constituents from Pinus gerardiana Inula racemose Aconitum heterophyllum and Picrorhiza kurroa extracts

Abstract

newline xiv newlineABSTRACT newlineAIM: Characterization and Biological evaluation of chemical constituents from Pinus gerardiana, Inula racemosa, Aconitum heterophyllum and Picrorhiza kurroa extracts. newlineMethods: The evergreen plants Picrorhiza kurroa (Kadu), Pinus gerardiana (chilgoza), Inula racemosa (Puskarmoola), and Aconitum hterophyllum (Ativisa) with numerous health benefits including anti-septic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc. properties. They have been chosen to study the chemical compositions and health benefits. The extractions were done by Soxhlet apparatus using solvent such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, acetone, n-butanol, methanol, hydroalcoholic and water and total 8 extracts were prepared. The primary identification of the compounds was done using LCMS and the-, secondary identification was achieved by HPLC and HPTLC for the quantification of the compounds present in the extracts and findings have been reported as well. In-vitro Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was selected for biological activity. newlineResults: The primary identification of the compounds was done using LCMS. From HPLC and HPTLC analysis, total of six natural compounds in P. kurroa, eight natural compounds in I. racemoa, eight natural compounds in Pinus gerardiana, and three natural compounds in A. hetrophyllum were identified and quantified. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity assays the maximum biological activity of the four plants P. kurroa was best, and among its eight extracts acetone extract showed good potency in terms of zone of inhibition in milimetere (11.66 ±1.52) against S. aureus, n-butanol showed (12.01±1.00) against S. mutans, acetone extracts showed (11.66±1.52) against E. coli, acetone extracts showed (11.33±1.52) against K. pneumoniae and acetone extracts showed (11.00±1.00) against P. aeruginosa. In I. racemoa, ethyl acetate extract showed good potency in terms of zone of inhibition in milimetere (13.33±1.52) against S. aureus, n-hexane extract showed (12.00±2.00) agains