Amelioration of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity by Terminalia arjuna using histopathology PI3K AKT pathway mediated inflammation and apoptosis in Wistar rats

Abstract

The life of mankind depends on the primary needs of food and health for newlinesurvival. It is impossible to avoid ingesting chemicals due to using of pesticides newlinelike chemicals in modern day agriculture. It is also impossible to avoid newlineconsuming drugs for diseases. Hence, we need to discover antitoxic drugs. newlineAcetaminophen is a more popular, extensively consumed for fever and pain newlinedrug than other medicines. It is toxic to the liver if consumed greater than the newlinetherapeutic dose. Acetaminophen poisoning is on the raise due to increased newlineusage. The standard N-acetylcysteine generic drug can treat effectively on newlineacetaminophen poisoning within 24hours. Silymarin is standard herbal drug newlineused as hepatoprotective in animal study, despite fact that efficacy of the drug newlineis still under dispute. newlineTerminalia arjuna is historically practiced in Ayurveda in the 7th century newlinefor heart diseases due to its lipid-lowering effect. The classical Ayurveda writers newlineof Vaghabata wrote about Terminalia arjuna. It is also named as guardian of newlineheart . Terminalia arjuna is part of herbal formulation in a trade name of Liver newline52. Mechanism of the hepatoprotective effect of Terminalia arjuna is still not newlineknown. The previous study has proved that Terminalia arjuna has protective newlineeffect on liver through biochemical analysis and histopathological studies. But, newlinenone of the studies have shown the xenobiotic CYP450 enzyme, newlineImmunohistochemical, and PI3K/AKT intercellular signal transducer pathway in newlineTerminalia arjuna mediated protection in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hence there is a need to elucidate Terminalia arjuna bark newlineprophylactic effect against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, apoptosis, and newlineinflammation through IHC, PI3K/AKT, and apoptotic and inflammatory marker. newline