Photonic crystal fiber for various biosensing applications

Abstract

The rapid development of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based sensors enables high demand for Bio-sensing applications supports for different conditions. Huge attention is gathered by the highly-sensitive miniaturized sensors helps in real time detection which is important for medicinal applications, veterinary testing, food, and environmental safety monitoring. This kind of sensor provides good opportunities for the various type of sample due to their good sensing performances, low cost, ease in light launching, single-mode propagation, small dimension, and ability in controlling evanescent field penetration, high compatibility and reliability have made PCF as a promising candidate in the sensor field. Numerous studies have shown that a PCF based SPR biosensors suitable for practical implementation with a different geometrical structure. However, while the requirement for fabrication point of view it still shows some limitations due to material selection, dispersion etc. Among the requirements, primarily important would be sensing based on sensitivity and response rate including selectivity of the environment. As a result of this, PCF SPR sensors were mainly analyzed either analytically or numerically. Finite Element Method (FEM) is a widely used convenient numerical tool to investigate PCF with different geometrical structure efficiently. Moreover, the wavelength and amplitude interrogation method can also be used to analyze the sensing parameter of these sensors. Refractive Index (RI), different plasmonic material (gold, silver, copper, graphene and aluminum etc),various metal coating techniques and their limitations with high performance in sensing are the key parameter for the sensing technology, which require a quick response in the selection and processing of the sensing materials in this research and development of Bio-sensors. So the ultimate aim of this work is to design a PCF sensor purely for bio sensing applications starting from the knowledge in PCF SPR modeling te