Open and Extensible Middleware for Internet of Things

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of billions of things, which include newlineobjects, services, and living beings. By leveraging pervasive sensor data, communications, newlineand analytics, IoT digitizes physical devices and the environment they co-inhabit with humans. newlineThe IoT infrastructure includes devices(hardware), softwares, and services, to newlinesupport physical objects networking. IoT aims to provide a simple interaction between the newlinephysical world and the virtual world by integrating a massive number of real-world newlinephysical devices (or things) into the Internet. newlineIoT systems realization will fundamentally change how users interact with the world; a newlinekey enabling technology in this direction is middleware. Middleware is an intermediary newlinesoftware system between IoT devices and application services. The survey is conducted on newlineexisting middleware solutions with a thorough analysis of the challenges in developing IoT newlinebased systems. During the survey, the challenges identifid are interoperability, scalability, newlineservice discovery, service management, context-awareness, data management, newlineprogramming abstractions, extensibility, security, and privacy, etc. newlineIoT based systems are deploying rapidly in industry, healthcare, and smart home, etc. newlineIoT would be a reality in cities, the energy sector, and transportation in the coming decade, newlineto name a few. According to the Cisco research forecast, by the year 2020, the Internet will newlineaccommodate 50 billion nodes incorporating IoT devices [1]. The existing Internet design newlinedoes not consider to handle such an ultra-large-scale network/system. The introduction of newlineIoT has resulted in a lot of brainstorming among researchers, introducing a new breed of newlinedistributed system architecture such as fog and edge computing. Also, modification of newlineexisting and emergence of new Internet protocols. newlineOnce built and deployed, the IoT system must remain operational for a decade or more newlinedepending upon the organization s budget. The IoT system should be capable of handling newlinethe addition of a massive n