Design and analysis of renewable energy systems

Abstract

Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources, like sunlight, wind, rain, tides/waves, and heat. It gives energy in the following four important areas. Electricity generation Air and water heating/cooling Transportation Off-grid energy services The issues in electricity generation from renewable energy was studied and analyzed. The Solar Cell is a large area photo diode. An analysis was done to increase the efficiency of the photo diode. It was ascertained that if free proton and electron pairs are increased, the better efficiency of the photo diodes can be achieved. In order to increase free proton and electron pairs, P Type and N type materials of the photo diode can be built up by doping certain elements with Silicon. An analysis was done on the type of doping elements which can be added with Silicon material. Pure Silicon has four electrons in valence band. If pure Silicon is doped with bivalent element like Calcium as acceptor impurity, this provides two free protons in the conduction band of the Silicon Crystal and this can be used as p-type material for the photo diode. If pure Silicon is doped with hexavalent element like Sulfur as donor impurity, this forms two electron in the conduction band of the Silicon Crystal and this can be used as n-type material for the photo diode. By this method, the number of pairs of free electron and free proton can be increased in the photo diodeA study was carried out on the generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources of wind and solar for both on-grid and offgrid technologies. In the on-grid technology based renewable energy power system, it was noticed that several generators are kept running on no load to meet the sudden unexpected demand in load. A control system is proposed for a power system including renewable energy power plants for switching on the additional generators only when the load is increased. In case of a decrease in load, the additional generators are switched off using the proposed control system. In renew