Molecular characterization and potential application of selected metal resistant bacteria with agro waste material for heavy metal removal

Abstract

The ecological effects of inorganic pollutants have been recognized for quite a few years. Different heavy metals such as Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, Arsenic, Lead and Nickel are considered as harmful pollutants. The contamination of heavy metals in water makes a serious environmental problem throughout the world. The sorts of industrial waste produced incorporate electroplating, fertilizer, mining operations, printing, petroleum refineries, metal plating facilities, chemical manufactures, paper, dyeing, pesticide, iron and steel, plastics, tanneries, battery, textile, electroosmosis, aerospace, construction, atomic energy, photography, electrolysis, leather and metal manufacturing industries, etc. These kinds of contamination can prompt serious human and animal health problem as well as extensive annihilation of the regular world. Various wastewater treatment methodologies have been carried out for the removal of heavy metals from the water source such as sedimentation, chemical precipitation, filtration, chlorination, ion exchange, chemical oxidation, membrane separation, photocatalytic oxidation, evaporation, flotation, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, coagulation, electrochemical treatment, ultrafiltration, ozonation, solvent extraction and chelation. These wastewater treatment methodologies have several cons such as lower efficiency of performance when metal ions present at lower concentration, cost factor high installation cost and maintenance, sludge disposal and time consuming. Therefore, alternative treatment methodology has been focused for the effective removal of toxic heavy metals. Amongst the above-mentioned technologies, adsorption process demonstrates to be proficient for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminations from the wastewater. Adsorption technique offer a few advantages in contrast with other conventional methods such as low cost capital cost, adsorbent material and operational cost, potential use of different normally accessible solid media for adsorption, higher efficiency of removal when metals present at lower concentration, reuse of adsorbent material, no sludge disposal problem and simple design. newline