Synthesis of novel rhodamine arylborane and phenazine based fluorescent chemosensor for selective sensing of metal ions picric acid and their applications

Abstract

Metal ions and anions are essential for life and they play important roles in biological and environmental processes. All life forms are necessary for metals, as they play vital roles in fundamental life processes such as osmotic regulation, metabolism, biomineralization and signaling. Metals such as, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium involves in metabolic reactions and bone mineralization. Transition metals like iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel, chromium and vanadium are generally playing critical roles in biological systems such as oxygen transport and regulation of cell activity. These alkali and alkaline earth metal ions are often referred to as trace elements and they exist at much lower levels as well as the trace elements are sometimes misleading. Along with the essential metal ions, there are several toxic ions such as cadmium, lead and mercury ions present in the environment and they causes adverse health problems. The human consumption of these metals through food above the limiting level could cause serious diseases such as renal dysfunctions, cardiac, kidney damages, neurological diseases and renal cancers. Anions also are involved in fundamental process in living beings. Recognition, transport and concentration control of anions such as chloride, phosphate and sulfate are carried out by biological systems on a continual cycle. While fluoride, nitrate and cyanide anions are potentially dangerous contaminants that can gain access to our water systems by various means. Fluoride ions are regularly used for dental cavities, treatment of osteoporosis and in several pharmaceutical agents. The excess level of fluoride induces health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, kidney disorders, lesions of the thyroid and urolithiasis. Cyanide is extremely toxic and it inhibits cellular respiration in mammals by binding strongly with cytochromes even at very low concentrations it can lead to death by depressing the central nervous systems. It denotes that the development of chemical receptors for selectively sensing the biological importance and toxic metal ions as well as anions is a major concern newline