Paraoxonase Gene Polymorphism and Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection in Ischemic Vascular Disease

Abstract

The present study extends the information gained from earlier reports of the association of PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism on plasma lipids, PON1-ARE activity and C. pneumoniae infection in populations at high risk for coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. CAD and stroke patients have high BMI which was equal to levels suggested to be significant cardio-metabolic risk among Indians. Significant numbers of CAD and ischemic stroke patients have diabetes and hypertension. Alcohol consumption and smoking was found to be high among patients thus acting as risk factors. Significant differences were observed in lipid levels which showed that a more atherogenic profile could be a risk factor in CAD and ischemic stroke patients. PON1-ARE activity was significantly associated with CAD and ischemic stroke patients. Thus measuring PON1-ARE activity with paraoxanase 1 (PON1) activity could be an additional parameter in identifying people at risk of ischemic vascular diseases. C. pneumoniae IgG antibody levels were significantly associated with CAD and ischemic stroke. Thus evaluating this particular type (IgG) antibody levels for C. pneumoniae infection is suggested for identifying at risk individuals. We have shown an association between the Q/R192 PON1 polymorphism, serum PON1-ARE activity, and altered lipid profile (increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and decreased HDL) in CAD and ischemic stroke patients. The serum PON1-ARE activity was lower in subjects with RR genotype than with QQ and QR genotypes in ischemic vascular disease (ischemic stroke and CAD) in our study. In this present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the baseline characteristics, lipids effect, PON1-ARE activity, C. pneumoniae infection and genetic polymorphism influence. The current study was also aimed to determine how the risk factors behaved and if a correlation exists between them the severity of ischemic vascular disease in Indian patients. The present study has recorded for the distribution of the PON1 genotype frequencies in the study population.