Experimental studies on the Effective and optimized replacement Of the fine aggregate with copper Slag for various grades of the Concrete

Abstract

Concrete has been the globally accepted material to raise unswerving structures. It has been the main material for providing stable and reliable infrastructure since the days of the Greek and Roman civilization. It matches several requirements such as strength, durability, impermeability, fire resistance and abrasion resistance. Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, aggregates, and with or without admixtures, in which aggregates are considered as one of the main constituents of concrete since they occupy more than 70% of the concrete matrix. Rising concern of the global due to Infrastructural development is strongly associated with concrete which is made up of natural resources such as lime, river sand and crushed rock stones. It is necessary to find out a sustainable way for an alternative material for concrete. In the recent years, waste management has become a challenge due to a huge growth of industries. With increasing human population, urbanization, industrial projects and globalization, there is an equivalent growth in the requirements for infrastructure. Rapid industrialization has also deteriorated the environment by generating large quantities of solid waste. The utilization of industrial waste or secondary materials has encouraged the production of cement and concrete in construction field. Dumping or disposal of these waste materials creates the environmental and health problems for a developing country. Therefore, recycling of waste materials has a great potential in concrete industry. Indian ferrous and non-ferrous industries have been marking considerable growth during the recent decades. newline