Synthesis and Characterization of Lead Nickel based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics

Abstract

newline On the basis of arrangement of the constituents in the lattice, structure of the solid materials can be broadly divided into two categories i) ordered structures and ii) disordered structure. The ordered structures are those in which constituent atoms have periodic long range ordered arrangement while in disordered structures there is no long-range order. Ceramics is the class of solids formed by the combination of metal and non-metals and therefore has partial ionic and partial covalent character. Ceramics can be categorized into structural, traditional and functional ceramics depending upon their application (Moulso et al., 2003). For example, the clay objects like pottery and art objects have been used since ancient times are classified as traditional ceramics. Now-a-day s modern ceramics are advanced with tailor made structure.Based on the chemical composition, ceramics can be classified in to two groups i) oxide ii) non-oxide ceramics. Due to their high mechanical strength, resistance to wear and corrosion up to high temperature, many oxide ceramics are used for cutting, milling, drilling etc. Typical examples of such ceramics are alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18), and mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2/2Al2O3-SiO2).