A novel and efficient routing technique for enhancing the energy of underwater wireless sensor network

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most widely used technologies in our daily lives. The attractive feature of WSN is that the users communicate in a free, open environment. The open nature of WSN makes it very prone to the malicious attacks. One of the most frequently used attacks is the Denial of Service (DoS) attack otherwise known as a jamming attack. Jamming attacks floods the transmission channels by constantly sending useless packets and disrupts the communication process between legitimate nodes. This type of attack blocks the ongoing communication and also reduces the lifetime of the network by exhausting the energy of the sensor nodes. DoS attacks can be performed at all layers of the network. Being the lowest and the first layer, the physical layer is attacked more by the jammers. Payment for network resources, pushback, strong authentication and identification of traffic are some of the mechanisms to prevent the jamming attacks in a WSN. Therefore guarding against DoS attacks is a critical component of any security system but there is lack of research for preventing such attacks. Intelligent optimization techniques are computationally fast and converge quickly to optimal or near-optimal solutions in many practical problems. Most of these algorithms are population-based, relying on initial randomization associated with logical patterns. Different constraint handling methods were suggested and those are known as intelligent techniques/ Heuristic Methods. In order to make numerical methods more convenient for detecting jamming attack, artificial intelligent techniques, such as Neural Network, Hopfield neural networks, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), AntColony Optimization (ACO), Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) and Tabu Search (TS) have been successfully employed. newline