Influence of Isospin Dependent Nuclear Charge Radius in Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies

Abstract

The study of isospin degree of freedom in the heavy-ion collisions (HICs) at intermediate energies signifies the abstraction of nuclear equation of state of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter under the high pressure and density. This has been done in the literature via Coulomb interactions, symmetry energy, isospin momentum dependent interactions as well as isospin dependent nucleon-nucleon cross-section. The objective of present work is to emphasize the isospin effects through isospin dependent nuclear charge radius. A detailed theoretical investigation has been performed by using the dynamic microscopic theory- Isospin dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model on the multifragmentation, nuclear stopping, thermalization, directed flow and elliptical flow. The results thus obtained are compared with the experimental data. In chapter 1 the comprehensive description of nuclear reactions and development of various heavy-ion accelerators from beam energy of KeV/nucleon to GeV/nucleon has been presented. The heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies and its importance with the help of phase diagram of the nuclear matter has been described. The isospin dependence of nuclear equation of state has been discussed through isospin dependent hydrodynamical model ingredients: Coulomb interactions, symmetry energy and nucleon-nucleon cross section. In addition to that the isospin degree of freedom through an essential model ingredient i.e. isospin dependent nuclear charge radii parameterizations and its possibility to affect the reaction dynamics at intermediate energies has been discussed. The chapter also outlines a brief experimental as well as theoretical literature review of the various phenomena occurring at intermediate energies. Various theoretical tools to define the evolution of nuclear reaction dynamics at intermediate energies has been discussed in chapter 2. A detailed description about the IQMD model has been presented.