Novel treatment techniques for e waste

Abstract

The electronics industry is the largest and fastest-growing manufacturing sector in the world. The implications of its consumer-oriented development combined with increasing product obsolescence and technological developments lead to new environmental challenges. The rising problem of e-waste consists of obsolete electronic devices. It is an emerging problem as well as an increasingly significant business opportunity, given the amount of e-waste produced and the content of both toxic and useful materials. One such is Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) consisting of various useful heavy metals such as copper (Cu) extracts 3.15 percent, tin (Sn) 42.4 percent, zinc (Zn) 1.16 percent, lead (Pb) 27.81 percent, and others 25.48 percent (Ni, Fe, Br, Mn, Mg...). These toxic metals have economic, environmental, and public health effects. The recovery and recycling of metals from PCBs is also a challenge to prevent environmental contamination. newlineResearchers have recently studied metal separation techniques such as soil filling and hydrometallurgical techniques such as acid wash, pyrolysis, and chemical leaching. The heavy metals that we obtain from the above processes are purified and isolated by cementation, electro-winning, electro-refining, precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, and membrane processes to isolate and concentrate the metals of interest. Present e-waste management activities in India suffer from a range of disadvantages, such as incentivization difficulties, weak informal recycling conditions, insufficient regulation, poor understanding, and reluctance. For example, precipitation takes more time to settle, and ion exchange is costly. Chemical leaching is the method commonly used to remove metals from e-waste and newline newline