Infertility in bovines of Himachal Pradesh Prevalence diagnosis and therapeutic management

Abstract

The study was conducted in different districts of Himachal Pradesh through 226 infertility treatment camps. Overall, 3726 bovine (3203 cows and 523 buffaloes) were diagnosed to be affected with 4609 (3991 in cows and 618 in buffaloes) reproductive ailments. A total of 624 cervico-vaginal discharge samples were collected from the bovines (563 from cows and 61 from buffaloes) which were diagnosed to be endometritic at the time of clinico-gynaecological examination. Overall, 1084 blood samples were collected from different animals (913 from cows and 171 from buffaloes) showing reproductive problems for analysis of various minerals, hormones and biochemicals. newlineAll the animals were treated for different reproductive ailments with different standard treatments. Main clinical conditions responsible for infertility in cows in Himachal Pradesh were true anestrus (27.11%), endometritis (23.35%), cervical pathologies (6.19%), silent estrus (5.44%) and prolonged estrus (4.71%). In buffaloes, true anestrus (56.96%) followed by endometritis (16.18%) were the main causes responsible for infertility newlineIn endometritic cows and buffaloes, the highest sensitivity of bacteria was recorded for fluoroquinolones and least for metronidazole, penicillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin and ampicillin. Cows of Lahaul and Spiti and Shimla and buffaloes of Mandi district were significantly deficit in calcium and magnesium. Similarly, cows of Lahaul Spiti and cows and buffaloes of district Bilaspur were significantly deficit in total protein. newlineThe clinical cases referred to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of the college were examined via transrectal ultrasonography. Ultrasound was found to be an effective tool for diagnosis of some of the reproductive disorders which were otherwise difficult to diagnose. newlineThe overall recovery rate was 65.95 per cent in cows and 82.23 per cent in buffaloes following treatment in these camps. A very high response was observed for cows treated for endometritis (61.39%), true anestrus (80.51%) and silent estrus (74.