Molecular characterisation and clinical correlates of rotavirus and norovirus in neonates children and adults

Abstract

Globally children less than five years die each year from rotavirus infections Norovirus accounts more deaths annually across all age. This study was undertaken to determine the rate of detection of rotavirus and norovirus causing diarrhoea among children and adults identify the common genotypes circulating and determine clinical correlates Rotavirus was screened in thousand two hundred and eighty stool samples by ELISA and positive samples were genotyped by conventional semi nested PCR VP4 and VP7 Norovirus was screened by Multiplex PCR G1 and GII in rotavirus negative samples Positive samples were genotyped by Sanger sequencing capsid Polymerase The clinical severity of gastroenteritis was assessed by Vesikari Scale A clear decrease rotavirus and corresponding increase of norovirus infection is noted Combined detection rate of both viruses was thirty seven to forty one percent Late pre-term higher birth weight babies on breast feeds and formula feeds are statistically significant risk factors for rotavirus infection among neonates G1P8]in children adults and G10P11 among neonates were the predominant rotavirus genotypes There was a shift in predominance from G1P8 to G3P8 in 2017 to 2018 GII 4Sydney P 16 was the predominant norovirus genotype across all age groups Higher viral load of norovirus experience severe gastroenteritis Vomiting in norovirus and dehydration in rotavirus were higher Clinical severity was significantly highest for rotavirus followed by norovirus by Vesikari scale This is the first comprehensive study to look for rotavirus and norovirus burden across all age groups Post rotavirus vaccination era if the patient predominantly presents with vomiting there should be strong suspicion of norovirus National norovirus surveillance needs to be undertaken to establish its burden newline newline newline