Methylammonium lead halide based perovskite solar cells

Abstract

In the present work, methylammonium lead iodide perovskite nanoparticles have been synthesized using different molar concentrations of PbI2 (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mmol) mixed with a stoichiometric ratio (3 mmol) of MAI. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) prepared using different ratios of PbI2:MAI indicates the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure. The energy band gap values calculated from the optical absorption spectra were found to have an optimal value required for photovoltaic application. The surface morphology of the samples prepared using 1:3 M of PbI2:MAI was observed to be smooth with the presence of nanoparticles with polygonal structure. The obtained methylammonium lead iodide powder was used as an active absorber material to fabricate Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) The photovoltaic behaviour of the fabricated device with structure FTO/sprayed c-TiO2/spin coated mp-TiO2/powder-pressed perovskite layer prepared using different molar ratios of PbI2:MAI (0.5:3, 1:3, 1.5:3, and 2:3 M)/spin coated CuI/ purchased Cr/Pt-coated FTO counter electrode was studied using the J-V measurements. The perovskite solar cell fabricated using the perovskite layer formed using 1:3 molar ratio of PbI2:MAI exhibited a maximum Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 3.9% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.65 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 14.5 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 42%. The stability of the device was studied for a period of 15 days under ambient conditions, the reduction in efficiency and VOC of the fabricated cells were found to be 27.87 % and 29.23% respectively newline