Heuristic based algorithms for optimal sizing and placement of distributed generators and effective energy harvesting from the pv system in a cyber physical power system

Abstract

The electric power system constitutes of large interconnections of Power source and loads. As the world gets modernized, the energy in the form of electricity is more vital in power and transportation systems. As the carbon footprints of both the sectors are enormous, it s a great threat to our eco-system. A continuous increment in the power demand forces to go for an alternate way of operation of the power system and finding new opportunities to make system greener. Renewable energy utilization is gaining more popularity in both sectors. Here the electric grid provides an efficient infrastructure to exchange the remotely generated power to wide-spread loads. This system has drawbacks in performance efficiency and reliability standards. The power system is made smarter to cope up with this modernizing word. The primary vertical structure of the power system is converted into the horizontal structure by introducing the Distributed Generation (DG) into the power system. The introduction of DG and electric transportation transforms standard grid into a smart grid. The DG units placed nearer to the load centres which improves the system voltage profile, stability and also reduces the system losses, provided that they are positioned and sized appropriately. The significant step in reducing the greenhouse gas emission from the transportation sector is achieved by introducing Electric Vehicles (EV). As the transportation sector is getting more electrified the excess demand due to EV charging will further push the grid to the verge of its stability limits. In making electric transportation real, the electrical grid should be well developed to adopt new load and various generation models to meet the volatility in EV load and Renewable based generation. So the additional newlinechallenge of placing and sizing the charging stations for EV is considered along with the DG optimization. newline newline