Effects of VitaminD3 Supplementation on Blood Glucose among Vitamin D Deficient Prediabetic Adults

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency are the essential predisposing factors to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current study aimed to evaluate the effects vitamin D3 supplementation on blood glucose among vitamin D deficient prediabetic adults. Methodology: The research was conducted in 2-phases. Phase -1of the research work was systematically reviewing the randomized controlled trails (RCT) and meta analyzed the effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose with the use of random effects model. Phase-2 of the research work was clinical study to assess the effect of vitaminD3 supplementation on blood Glucose among vitamin D- deficient prediabetic adults. Totally 110 participants (55 in control group) and (55 in study group), who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Sun exposure recall questionnaire, demographic variables, baseline biochemical (serum 25(OH) vitamin D and fasting glucose) and bio-physical parameters (Height, weight, BMI, Waist and hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, conicity index, Blood pressure) were assessed from participants in both groups. Group 1 was a control group didn t receive any supplementation they were observed, and group 2 received oral supplementation of 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks post-test assessment on effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on biophysical and biochemical parameters were assessed among Control group and study group. All collected data were organized, coded and entered into the excel file. Statistical software SPSS, Version 16 was used for data analysis. For all statistical analysis, the value, P lt 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Phase I Meta-analysis Study results revealed that there was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (MD=-2.01:95%CI=-3.23, -0.79, p=lt0.00001). In Phase II of clinical study, after vitamin D 3 supplementation serum 25(OH)D level increased from (18.3±2.95 to 36.03±4.92) among study group. The mean change was 17.73 ng/mL. There was a 2-fold increase in the serum 25(OH)D level. While in control group represented that serum 25(OH)D did not show the difference. Hence the hypothesis 3 was accepted. Study group showed a significant reduction in mean FBG level to 100.9±8.74 from the baseline value of 119.1±5.00 at p=0.0001 with a mean difference of 17.7. The control group did not show reduction in mean fasting glucose level (118.8±4.10) (117.6±5.26). Hence hypothesis 4 was accepted. There was a significant reduction in weight from (73.24±8.76) to (68.53±3.42) in weight among vitamin D supplemented group at a significant difference of (p=0.001). The mean waist circumference of study group was significantly reduced from (100.5±6.89) to (94.91±2.82) at (p =0.001). Compared to control group study group showed a significant reduction in mean waist circumference at (p=0.021).The study showed a significant increase in serum 25 (OH)D level notably decreased systolic blood pressure (132.0±5.39 versus 120.2±5.14, p=0.001). The mean difference between before and after supplementation was 4.8 and showed maximal effect size of 0.91 among study group. Diastolic blood pressure also significantly reduced (91.4±6.57 versus (87.58±4.46, p =0.002). There was no major difference in sun exposure between control and study group which demonstrated that sun exposure did not influence the results. There was a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and fasting blood glucose and significant association between fasting blood glucose reduction score and vitamin D gain score with selected demographic and bio physical parameters. Conclusion: The present study concluded that, vitamin D3 supplementation for 8 weeks showed significant reduction in blood glucose level, weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among adults with prediabetes. Vitamin D3 supplementation might help to decrease the fasting glucose level among adults with prediabetes. newline