Certain investigations on the design of ultrawide band antenna for early detection of human brain tumor in microwave imaging

Abstract

Brain tumor is one of the most common types of tumors in the world. Tumor caused by abnormal growth of tissues. It is categorized based on its location inside the body and its size. The early detection of brain tumor is done by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Biopsy Test, Computerized Tomography (CT) scan, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, Lumbar Puncture, Myelogram, Electro Encephalogram (EEG) and so on are available. These existing methods are noninvasive, and they are limited by cost and reliability issues. These diagnostics methods are not sufficient to detect the tumor more than 20% depth and give significant issues of ionizing radiation effects. To overcome the vulnerabilities in the existing diagnostic methods of ionizing effects, the radiative impact of the microwave imaging system can be used as a suitable method for early detection of brain tumor. Printed Microstrip antennas under the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) frequency range (3.1 -10.6GHz) issued by Federal Communication Commission (FCC) is used to transmit the electromagnetic signals as short pulses to penetrate inside the human body. UWB based Microwave Imaging (MI) is used in locating the depth of the tumor using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) approach and Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) method, in the lower and higher frequency signals that overcome the interference of tumor with the other segments of human brain. A Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is used in evaluating the performance of an antenna with the human body. The design of microstrip antenna demands on major factors viz. miniaturization, directional radiation characteristics, high gain and UWB fractional bandwidth. newline