Development of miniature microstrip Antenna as sensor for pitting edema and Diabetic measurement through wavelet Transform and regression modelling

Abstract

Diabetes is a type of metabolic disorder, which causes an increased blood glucose level. According to world health, organization statistics 422 million people affect by diabetes as of 2014. The diabetes is due to the inefficiency of the pancreas to produce insulin. The pancreas cannot produce insulin due to beta cell reduction. Depending on the level of beta cells and insulin secretion diabetes is categorized as type I, type II and gestational diabetes. In type I diabetes the pancreas does not produce any insulin. The type I diabetes occurs mostly in the later stage of life. In type II diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, which is not properly used by the cells to convert glucose to energy. This incomplete glucose utilization later results in an increased glycemic level in blood. In gestational diabetes, hormones created by placenta increases blood glucose levels. If the pancreas insulin production is not adequate then glycemic level will increase. Furthermore, several factors play a role in diabetes development such as obesity, gene mutation, family history, environmental factors, hormonal diseases, and certain medicines which harms beta cells in the pancreas. If diabetes is left untreated, may cause irreversible damage to blood vessels, heart, eyes, nervous systems, and in severe cases, causes kidney failure, stroke, and pregnant women, it may cause lead to fatalities or death. The above adverse effects can be avoided if diabetes is treated at an early stage. The diabetes exhibits symptoms such as fatigue, hunger, weight loss, dry mouth, blurred vision, itchy skin, and feeling thirsty. The above symptoms occur for type I diabetes. Fatigue and hunger occur since the body does not produce enough insulin for cells to consume glucose. People with diabetes tend to urinate more, resulting in dehydration, feeling thirsty, and cause dry skin newline