Certain investigations on network lifetime enhancement of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Abstract

In general, sensors are used to observe and manage the existing physical environment. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains considerable number of small sensors operates on battery energy source with restricted transmission abilities. The applications of the WSN are wide and would not be limited to any domain. The WSN are commonly used in border control, monitoring battle field, control in atomic power station, monitoring and tracking the wild animals and handling the nuclear waste. The WSN would be placed in some area which is not easily accessible to human beings and recharge or replacement of the battery is more complicated. The static sensor networks were deployed for intermittent data reporting. In case, the deployments are in uniform arrangement, then the nodes near the sinks spend further energy than other parts of the area and would be expired earlier. The nodes handle not only their individual sensed data, but also participate in forwarding the data of other nodes to the sink and consequently their energy will exclude speedily, which called as energy hole. Even though, sensors have less lifespan energy contribution, but the anticipated serviceable period should be more. The network lifetime becomes a vital issue and will be achieved by optimizing the energy consumption techniques. The asymmetrical energy consumption would produce energy holes in the sensor regions which results the network partition and the sensed data cannot be effectively distributed to the sink node. The appropriate organization of the nodes in WSN called clustering where every technique used to improve the era of the entire network lifetime newline