Synthesis and characterization of certain novel transition metal substituted zno tio2 nanocomposites and its applications

Abstract

Water pollution and lack of clean drinking water are among the most significant problems worldwide. The industrial growth and rise in population have resulted in high demand for resources, whereas the release of toxic materials and wastes to the environment has posed a risk to natural ecosystems and human health. The disposal of wastewaters in the environment is a major concern. Therefore, it is essential to make sure that disposed water is appropriately treated so that it has minimal impact on aquatic life and the environment. One of the ways to deal with such problems is to introduce wastewater treatment technologies. A variety of methods for water treatment are implemented or under development. The challenges in treating waste and drinking water is dependent on the origin of the water. Problematic substances in wastewater can include organic matter and/or different trace contaminants. Industrial wastewater may additionally contain heavy loads of metals or organic compounds. In drinking water production, microbe contamination needs to be addressed not only in developing countries, but also in remote locations without access to a centralized drinking water supply. Waste water treatment is the procedure that eliminates the presence of various contaminants, chemicals and bacteria before further water usage or discharge. There are three main steps of treating wastewater: preliminary, secondary and tertiary treatment. The preliminary and secondary treatment technologies are based on physical and chemical processes. However, when wastewater contains hazardous compounds, these remediation techniques are not enough. Discharge of waste water from textile industries into water bodies is causing a huge environmental hazard. The wastewater not only depletes the aesthetic quality of water but also renders it detrimental for aquatic flora and fauna. Recently, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have engendered great scientific interest worldwide. newline